1.外國(guó)文學(xué)常識(shí)有哪些

1、古希臘諷喻故事集《伊索寓言》，相傳為奴隸伊索所作。

2、中世紀(jì)意大利偉大詩(shī)人但丁所寫的《神曲》，原名《喜劇》，包括《地獄》、《煉獄》和《天堂》三部分。

3、意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的代表人物薄迦丘的代表作是《十日談》。

4、文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，西班牙最杰出的作家是塞萬(wàn)提斯，其代表作《堂吉訶德》是世界文學(xué)的不朽名著。

5、莎士比亞是歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期英國(guó)偉大大戲劇家和詩(shī)人，其代表作有諷刺喜劇《威尼斯商人》，四大悲劇是《哈姆雷特》、《奧賽羅》、《李爾王》、《麥克白》。

6、拉伯雷是法國(guó)十六世紀(jì)最重要的作家，其代表作是長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《巨人傳》。

7、十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)著名喜劇作家莫里哀的代表作，有諷刺喜劇《偽君子》。

8、十八世紀(jì)英國(guó)啟蒙主義文學(xué)的代表作家笛福，其代表作為小說(shuō)《魯濱遜漂流記》。

9、斯威夫特是英國(guó)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)中的諷刺小說(shuō)家，其代表作是《格列佛游記》。

10、歌德是德國(guó)偉大的詩(shī)人、小說(shuō)家和戲劇家，其代表作有書信體小說(shuō)《少年維特之煩惱》、詩(shī)劇《浮士德》，后者的創(chuàng)作延續(xù)了六十年之久。

11、席勒是德國(guó)著名的詩(shī)人、劇作家。其代表作有戲劇《強(qiáng)盜》、《陰謀與愛(ài)情》。

12、拜倫是英國(guó)進(jìn)步的浪漫主義詩(shī)人，其代表作有詩(shī)體小說(shuō)《唐·璜》。

13、雪萊是與拜倫齊名的英國(guó)詩(shī)人，《解放的普羅米修斯》是其最優(yōu)秀的作品。

14、《德國(guó)，一個(gè)冬天的童話》、《西里西亞的紡織工人》是德國(guó)詩(shī)人海涅的代表作。

15、雨果是法國(guó)積極浪漫主義文學(xué)的奠基人和杰出代表，其最著名的小說(shuō)是《巴黎圣母院》、《悲慘世界》。

16、司湯達(dá)是法國(guó)十九世紀(jì)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的奠基人，長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《紅與黑》是他的代表作。

17、巴爾扎克是法國(guó)偉大的批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家，其代表作《人間喜劇》包括96部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)和中、短篇小說(shuō)，其中重要作品有《高老頭》、《歐也妮·葛朗臺(tái)》等。

18、福樓拜是法國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義著名作家，《包法利夫人》是其代表作。

19、狄更斯是英國(guó)十九世紀(jì)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的杰出代表，他的第一部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)是《匹克威克外傳》，他的第一部自傳性質(zhì)的小說(shuō)是《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》，《艱難時(shí)世》、《雙城記》是其后期創(chuàng)作的代表作。

20、薩克雷是英國(guó)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的優(yōu)秀作家，其代表作是諷刺小說(shuō)《名利場(chǎng)》。

21、夏洛蒂·勃朗特和她的妹妹愛(ài)米麗·勃朗特，都是英國(guó)杰出的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)家。前者寫了自傳體小說(shuō)《簡(jiǎn)愛(ài)》，后者寫了小說(shuō)《呼嘯山莊》。

22、莫泊桑是法國(guó)十九世紀(jì)末優(yōu)秀的批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家，《羊脂球》是他的成名之作，《項(xiàng)鏈》、《我的叔叔于勒》是他的名篇。

23、羅曼·羅蘭是法國(guó)后期批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義著名的作家，長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《約翰·克利斯朵夫》是其代表作。

24、左拉是法國(guó)著名作家，《盧貢——馬加爾家族》（包括《娜娜》、《萌芽》、《金錢》等20篇長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)）是其代表作。

25、易卜生是挪威戲劇家，《玩偶之家》是其影響最大的一部作品。

26、安徒生是丹麥著名童話作家，《皇帝的新裝》《賣火柴的小女孩》等都是膾炙人口的名篇。

27、斯托夫人是美國(guó)十九世紀(jì)著名女小說(shuō)家，其代表作是《湯姆叔叔的小屋》通過(guò)老黑奴湯姆的命運(yùn)，控訴了南部反動(dòng)的蓄奴制。

28、十九世紀(jì)美國(guó)著名的民主詩(shī)人惠特曼，其詩(shī)集《草葉集》，對(duì)我國(guó)新詩(shī)產(chǎn)生過(guò)影響。

29、馬克·吐溫是十九世紀(jì)美國(guó)杰出的批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家，其代表作有長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《鍍金時(shí)代》、《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》、《哈克貝利·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》、《百萬(wàn)英鎊》等，短篇小說(shuō)《競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)》。

30、俄國(guó)偉大詩(shī)人普希金的代表作是詩(shī)體小說(shuō)《葉甫蓋尼·奧涅金》、歷史小說(shuō)《上蔚的女兒》、童話詩(shī)《漁夫和金魚(yú)的故事》等。

31、果戈理是俄國(guó)十九世紀(jì)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)的奠基人之一，其代表作是五幕喜劇《欽差大臣》、長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《死魂靈》。

32、列夫·托爾斯泰是俄國(guó)偉大的批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家，其代表作有長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》、《安娜·卡列尼娜》、《復(fù)活》等。

33、契訶夫是十九世紀(jì)俄國(guó)杰出的批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家，其代表作有中篇小說(shuō)《草原》、《第六病室》、短篇小說(shuō)《變色龍》、《萬(wàn)卡》、《套中人》、劇本《萬(wàn)尼亞舅舅》、《三姊妹》、《櫻桃園》等。

2.有關(guān)英美文學(xué)的知識(shí)

1. The work that presented , for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely______. A. William Langland ' Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower'Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightAnswer: B2. The tragedy of Dr.Faustus, the protagonist in Christopher Marlowe's The Tragic History of Dr.Faustus, is the very face that_____.A. man is confined to timeB. he tried to join Africa to SpainC. he became a man without soul after he sold itD. he conjured up Helen, the lady who was the very course of the Trojan WarAnswer: A3. Here are two lines from a ling poem: "Upon a great adventure he was bond, That greatest Gloriana to him gave." The poem must be_____.A. BeowulfB. John Milton's Samson AgonistesC. Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a County ChurchyardD. Edmund Spenser's The Faerie QueeneAnswer: D4. Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ______.A .the former celebrates reason, rationality , order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual's feeling and experiencesB. the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC. the former is an intellectual movement the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivation.D. the former advocates the "return to nature" whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its modelsAnswer: A5. When he writes, in An Essay on Criticism, "A vile conceit in pompous words expressed, / Is like a clown in regal purple dressed", Alexander Poppe means that __________.A. pompous words are always destructive to good tasteB. the purple colour is for the royal only and it is ridiculous to dress a clown in purpleC. conceits are always misleadingD. true wit is best in a plain styleAnswer: D。

3.英國(guó)文化知識(shí)

Let's Learn About England一IntroductionThe British Isles have a rich history going back thousands of years.The history of the United Kingdom includes also the history of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The history is full of invaders, wars, rulers. 二The Kings and Queens Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separated.Following the Accession of King James VI of Scotland (I of England) to the English Throne. From the end of the 17th century, monarchs lost executive power and they became subject to Parliament, resulting in today's constitutional Monarchy.三The best known Queen: Elizabeth gave the name to a golden age of poets, statesmen and adventurers. Known as the Virgin Queen, or Gloriana.四The best known King:Claims to the throne of France led to the Hundred Years' War and the loss of almost all the large English territory in France. Eduard III五The Historical Flag When King James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, thereby becoming James I of England, the national flags of England and Scotland on land continued to be.Flag? crossesThe Union Jack/Flag includes the Cross of St. George (England), the Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) and the Cross of St. Patrick (Ireland). 六The Most Important WarsThe Hundred Years War 1336-1565 Wars of the Roses 1455-1487Civil War 1642-1645 Boer War 1901-1902World War I 1914-1918 World War II 1939-1945 七Walesa Celtic land of mountains and coalNorthern IrelandIt is clear today that the Irish problem has not been solved. Northern Protestants feel they have a right to determine their own future democratically. Northern Catholics feel they have the right to be part of a united Ireland. 八ScotlandAn English army arrived to relieve the Scots siege of Stirling. Bruce defeated the English army under Edward II, who was lucky to escape with his life. The Scots victory at the Battle of Bannockburn secured complete Scots independence.九EnglandEngland has always played an important role in the world? economy and business.十Historical Monumentthe name of a very remarkable ancient monument in England It consists of a great collection of stones 十一A Few Facts About EnglandEngland is part of the United Kingdom which is made up of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.England is part of the European Union.The capital of England is London.The money used is called the pound.The population of England is 60,776,238.The language spoken is English.十二Let's visit some important cities in England.Oxford University and the University of Cambridge are both famous around the world.十三England's Important People Famous authors - Beatrix Potter, Roald Dahl and J.K. RowlingWilliam Shakespeare - famous for writing playsQueen Elizabeth and the royal familyThe Beatles -famous singing group who became popular in the 1960sDido – English Singer十四What English Kids DoEnglish kids like to play football, cricket, tennis and netball.Many kids belong to clubs like scouts, judo, karate and church clubs.Kids also like to skateboard, watch TV, ride bicycles and play computer games. Kids in the cities spend time in the many museums.F十五amous Sights in EnglandBig Ben ClockWestminster AbbeyTower of LondonLondon EyeTrafalgar SquareBuckingham Palace 十六Visit the Sights in the Harry Potter Books!!Go to this website for information on places that are important to find - /Funtodo/England/visitharrypottersites.htmKing's Cross StationLondon ZooAlnwick CastleGloucester CathedralLacock Abbey十七What the English Like to EatFish and chipsTea and biscuits。

4.英國(guó)文化知識(shí)

Let's Learn About England一IntroductionThe British Isles have a rich history going back thousands of years.The history of the United Kingdom includes also the history of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The history is full of invaders, wars, rulers. 二The Kings and Queens Until 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separated.Following the Accession of King James VI of Scotland (I of England) to the English Throne. From the end of the 17th century, monarchs lost executive power and they became subject to Parliament, resulting in today's constitutional Monarchy.三The best known Queen: Elizabeth gave the name to a golden age of poets, statesmen and adventurers. Known as the Virgin Queen, or Gloriana.四The best known King:Claims to the throne of France led to the Hundred Years' War and the loss of almost all the large English territory in France. Eduard III五The Historical Flag When King James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, thereby becoming James I of England, the national flags of England and Scotland on land continued to be.Flag? crossesThe Union Jack/Flag includes the Cross of St. George (England), the Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) and the Cross of St. Patrick (Ireland). 六The Most Important WarsThe Hundred Years War 1336-1565 Wars of the Roses 1455-1487Civil War 1642-1645 Boer War 1901-1902World War I 1914-1918 World War II 1939-1945 七Walesa Celtic land of mountains and coalNorthern IrelandIt is clear today that the Irish problem has not been solved. Northern Protestants feel they have a right to determine their own future democratically. Northern Catholics feel they have the right to be part of a united Ireland. 八ScotlandAn English army arrived to relieve the Scots siege of Stirling. Bruce defeated the English army under Edward II, who was lucky to escape with his life. The Scots victory at the Battle of Bannockburn secured complete Scots independence.九EnglandEngland has always played an important role in the world? economy and business.十Historical Monumentthe name of a very remarkable ancient monument in England It consists of a great collection of stones 十一A Few Facts About EnglandEngland is part of the United Kingdom which is made up of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.England is part of the European Union.The capital of England is London.The money used is called the pound.The population of England is 60,776,238.The language spoken is English.十二Let's visit some important cities in England.Oxford University and the University of Cambridge are both famous around the world.十三England's Important People Famous authors - Beatrix Potter, Roald Dahl and J.K. RowlingWilliam Shakespeare - famous for writing playsQueen Elizabeth and the royal familyThe Beatles -famous singing group who became popular in the 1960sDido – English Singer十四What English Kids DoEnglish kids like to play football, cricket, tennis and netball.Many kids belong to clubs like scouts, judo, karate and church clubs.Kids also like to skateboard, watch TV, ride bicycles and play computer games. Kids in the cities spend time in the many museums.F十五amous Sights in EnglandBig Ben ClockWestminster AbbeyTower of LondonLondon EyeTrafalgar SquareBuckingham Palace 十六Visit the Sights in the Harry Potter Books!!Go to this website for information on places that are important to find - /Funtodo/England/visitharrypottersites.htmKing's Cross StationLondon ZooAlnwick CastleGloucester CathedralLacock Abbey十七What the English Like to EatFish and chipsTea and biscuits。

5.有關(guān)英美文學(xué)的知識(shí)

1. The work that presented , for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely______. A. William Langland ' Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower'Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightAnswer: B2. The tragedy of Dr.Faustus, the protagonist in Christopher Marlowe's The Tragic History of Dr.Faustus, is the very face that_____.A. man is confined to timeB. he tried to join Africa to SpainC. he became a man without soul after he sold itD. he conjured up Helen, the lady who was the very course of the Trojan WarAnswer: A3. Here are two lines from a ling poem: "Upon a great adventure he was bond, That greatest Gloriana to him gave." The poem must be_____.A. BeowulfB. John Milton's Samson AgonistesC. Thomas Gray's Elegy Written in a County ChurchyardD. Edmund Spenser's The Faerie QueeneAnswer: D4. Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ______.A .the former celebrates reason, rationality , order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual's feeling and experiencesB. the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC. the former is an intellectual movement the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivation.D. the former advocates the "return to nature" whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its modelsAnswer: A5. When he writes, in An Essay on Criticism, "A vile conceit in pompous words expressed, / Is like a clown in regal purple dressed", Alexander Poppe means that __________.A. pompous words are always destructive to good tasteB. the purple colour is for the royal only and it is ridiculous to dress a clown in purpleC. conceits are always misleadingD. true wit is best in a plain styleAnswer: D。

6.怎樣復(fù)習(xí)英國(guó)文學(xué)史

一、制作小卡片，隨時(shí)復(fù)習(xí) 《英國(guó)文學(xué)史及選讀》第一題是作家作品對(duì)號(hào)，此題看似簡(jiǎn)單，但這10分卻不好拿，有的考生作家比較熟悉，卻忘了他的作品；有的對(duì)作品不陌生卻又記不起是誰(shuí)寫的了。

為了加深記憶，便于復(fù)習(xí)，一個(gè)行之有效的方法就是制作小卡片。其內(nèi)容可包括作家的名字，生活創(chuàng)作的年代，作品的名稱（代表作、成名作、其他重要作品）。

還可加上作品中男女主人公的名稱，他們之間的關(guān)系等等。 當(dāng)然，如果想詳細(xì)一些的話，可以在作者的下面補(bǔ)充上其寫作的特色，作品的后面加一其主題，限于空間，最好只寫要點(diǎn)或關(guān)鍵詞。

二、勤于思索，善于總結(jié) 第二題是單項(xiàng)選擇題，約占總分值的30%，主要考察文學(xué)常識(shí)部分。這一部分涉及的面較廣，應(yīng)該注意每個(gè)作家在文學(xué)史上的地位，某部作品在歷史轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期所起的作用，每個(gè)時(shí)代的文學(xué)流派及其特點(diǎn)等等，所做的復(fù)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備工作要扎實(shí)細(xì)致，對(duì)大綱所指定的參考書目要仔細(xì)研究，特別要留意書上結(jié)論性，評(píng)價(jià)性的言語(yǔ)。

第三題為雙選題，大約占50%的分值，在四個(gè)給出的答案中選出兩個(gè)正確的答案。顯然，其難度要比單選題大，不過(guò)內(nèi)容與第二題大體相當(dāng)，只不過(guò)對(duì)于某些文學(xué)常識(shí)不但要記，而且要記得準(zhǔn)。

第四題為填空題，大約占10%的分值，其考查內(nèi)容為文學(xué)常識(shí)與作品選 讀交叉。如在1997年的考題中有這樣一道題：All of the novels written by Samuel Richardson are in the form of letters.考的是對(duì)某一作家寫作特點(diǎn)的掌握，屬于文學(xué)常識(shí)方面的知識(shí)；而“Oliver Twist/ tells the story of an orphan, whose adventures provide a description of the lower depths of London.(98年考題)考的是對(duì)狄更斯的一部分作品是否熟悉，屬于作品選讀方面的內(nèi)容。

第五題為名詞解釋，份值約占15%。需要的名詞往往是某種文學(xué)體裁，如：Romance,sonnet,Realistic Novel等；或是某一類別的作家群體，如：Radical Enlighteners,Lake Poets等；再或是某一文學(xué)流派，如：Sentimentalism,Neo-classicism等。

回答第一類名詞時(shí)要說(shuō)明該體裁的特點(diǎn)，盛行的年代；第二類要說(shuō)明盛行的年代，代表性的作家，以及其文學(xué)主張等；第三類要說(shuō)明該派別有何特點(diǎn)和主張，盛行的年代和代表性的作家有哪些等等。 三、分析作品，便于記憶 第六題為作品題分析題，約占總分的10%，考生在該題上失分最多。

究其原因，其一，沒(méi)有花大量的時(shí)間來(lái)仔細(xì)閱讀作品，故而印象不深；其二，由于文學(xué)語(yǔ)言是語(yǔ)言中的精華，需要有一定的文學(xué)修養(yǎng)和扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底才能解讀明白，尤其是英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌，有些同學(xué)可能讀了數(shù)遍，到頭來(lái)還是一頭霧水，不知所云。該題的出題方式往往是給出四行短詩(shī)，讓判明出處，即作者是誰(shuí)，詩(shī)的題目叫什么。

還有就詩(shī)的主題，詩(shī)人所表達(dá)的感情，詩(shī)中的意象以及其他方面的內(nèi)容提出問(wèn)題。若想答好這道題，如果不對(duì)作品進(jìn)行深入的分析是不可能的。

筆者認(rèn)為略微學(xué)點(diǎn)Poetic Form（詩(shī)體），即英詩(shī)格律方面的知識(shí)對(duì)于理解記憶詩(shī)歌大有好處，如莎士比亞善Sonnet（十四行詩(shī)），彌爾頓不朽的史詩(shī)Paradise Lost是用Black verse（素體詩(shī)）寫成，從詩(shī)體著眼，有助于我們正確作出判斷。另外，還可從Subject Matter（題材）方面入手，英詩(shī)有史詩(shī)，抒情詩(shī)，敘事詩(shī)，哲理詩(shī)等，選讀中以抒情詩(shī)為主，如拜倫，雪萊詩(shī)中革命激情的奔放，華茲華斯詩(shī)中隱含著的對(duì)自然欲語(yǔ)還休的淡淡的憂傷等。

換句話說(shuō)，詩(shī)歌的風(fēng)格，表達(dá)的思想感情，都能為我們判斷詩(shī)歌提供線索。 四、體裁為經(jīng)，歷史為緯 最后兩道題分別是簡(jiǎn)答題和論述題，約占總分的20%，其內(nèi)容往往涉及到某一作家的寫作特點(diǎn)，在文學(xué)史上的地位和作用其考查；某一部作品的主題，復(fù)述作品的故事梗概；某一文學(xué)流派的特點(diǎn)和主張等等。

為準(zhǔn)備這部分內(nèi)容，可以把指定參考書中所有的作家作品按小說(shuō)，詩(shī)歌，戲劇，散文分類，即以體裁為經(jīng)，縱向比較各個(gè)作家各有何特點(diǎn)，當(dāng)然，這里會(huì)有交叉，一位作者的創(chuàng)作領(lǐng)域會(huì)有多樣性，既可能是小說(shuō)家同時(shí)又是詩(shī)人。以歷史為緯，把文學(xué)史上所有的文學(xué)流派縱向分類比較，即某一時(shí)期的某一流派是如何既背離又繼承前一時(shí)期的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)，同時(shí)又為下一時(shí)期的某種文學(xué)流派的興起開(kāi)辟了道路。

7.關(guān)于美國(guó)文學(xué)的知識(shí)

美國(guó)文學(xué)（Americanliterature或LiteratureoftheUnitedStates）指在美國(guó)產(chǎn)生的文學(xué)（也包括建國(guó)前殖民地時(shí)期的文學(xué)作品）。

用英語(yǔ)寫成的美國(guó)文學(xué)可視為英語(yǔ)文學(xué)的一部分。 美國(guó)文學(xué)美國(guó)文學(xué)的歷史不長(zhǎng)，它幾乎是和美國(guó)自由資本主義同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，較少受到封建貴族文化的束縛。

美國(guó)早期人口稀少，有大片未開(kāi)發(fā)的土地，為個(gè)人理想的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供了很大的可能性。美國(guó)人民富于民主自由精神，個(gè)人主義、個(gè)性解放的觀念較為強(qiáng)烈，這在文學(xué)中有突出的反映。

美國(guó)又是一個(gè)多民族的國(guó)家，移民不斷涌入，各自帶來(lái)了本民族的文化，這決定了美國(guó)文學(xué)風(fēng)格的多樣性和龐雜性。美國(guó)文學(xué)發(fā)展的過(guò)程就是不斷吸取、融化各民族文學(xué)特點(diǎn)的過(guò)程。

/view/190928.htm具體可參見(jiàn)百度百科哦。

8.行測(cè)考前必背：國(guó)內(nèi)外文學(xué)常識(shí)

文學(xué)常識(shí)作為考試中經(jīng)常考察的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，要引起考生的注意。

其中，外國(guó)文學(xué)常識(shí)主要對(duì)于重要的的人物和代表作品進(jìn)行反復(fù)考察。

以下為外國(guó)文學(xué)常識(shí)中重要的作家與作品，僅供參考，建議反復(fù)閱讀加深記憶。

一、古代文學(xué)

(1)古希臘文學(xué)：

1.荷馬史詩(shī)：《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》

2.三大悲劇家：埃斯庫(kù)羅斯、索?？死账埂W里庇得斯

3.埃斯庫(kù)羅斯：《被縛的普羅米修斯》

4.索?？死账梗骸抖淼移炙雇酢?/p>

5.歐里庇得斯代表作：《美狄亞》

(2)古羅馬文學(xué)：

1.維吉爾：古羅馬最重要的詩(shī)人，代表作品《埃涅阿斯紀(jì)》

二、中世紀(jì)文學(xué)

1.文學(xué)類型：教會(huì)文學(xué)、騎士文學(xué)、英雄史詩(shī)、城市文學(xué)。

2.但丁，意大利人，著名代表作《神曲》，分為《地獄》、《煉獄》、《天堂》三部。恩格斯說(shuō)：“但丁是中世紀(jì)的最后一位詩(shī)人，同時(shí)又是新時(shí)代的最初一位詩(shī)人?！?/p>

三、文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的文學(xué)

1.莎士比亞：文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期最杰出的代表。代表作：四大悲劇《哈姆雷特》、《奧賽羅》、《麥克白》、《李爾王》；四大喜劇《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》、《威尼斯商人》、《第十二夜》、《皆大歡喜》。

2.拉伯雷：被稱為人文主義的“巨人”，其代表作《巨人傳》是法國(guó)長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)的開(kāi)端。

3.塞萬(wàn)提斯：代表作：《堂吉訶德》，是西班牙文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期最杰出的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)。

4.薄迦丘：代表作：《十日談》，是歐洲文學(xué)史上第一部現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作品。

5.蒙田：代表作《隨筆集》

6.喬叟：代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》

7.拉伯雷：代表作《巨人傳》

四、十七世紀(jì)文學(xué)

1.莫里哀：法國(guó)古典主義喜劇家。代表作：《偽君子》、《貴人迷》和《吝嗇鬼》，《吝嗇鬼》塑造了著名的吝嗇鬼典型阿巴貢。

2.彌爾頓：英國(guó)詩(shī)人，是文藝復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)和18世紀(jì)啟蒙思想運(yùn)動(dòng)的橋梁。代表作：《失樂(lè)園》。

五、十八世紀(jì)文學(xué)

1.伏爾泰：法國(guó)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的首倡者和領(lǐng)袖。代表作：史詩(shī)《亨利亞德》、《奧爾良少女》，悲劇《歐第伯》，喜劇《放蕩的兒子》，哲理小說(shuō)《老實(shí)人》、《天真漢》。

2.盧梭：?jiǎn)⒚蛇\(yùn)動(dòng)中最具民主傾向的代表。代表作：《愛(ài)彌兒》、《懺悔錄》。

3.歌德：德國(guó)偉大的民族詩(shī)人。代表作：《浮士德》、《少年維特之煩惱》。

4.笛福：英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō)的奠基人。代表作：《魯濱遜漂流記》。

5.斯威夫特：開(kāi)創(chuàng)英國(guó)文學(xué)的諷刺傳統(tǒng)。代表作：《格列佛游記》。