1.英語文化知識
淺談英語文化知識滲透于英語教學(xué)內(nèi)容摘要語言是文化的載體，是文化的主要表現(xiàn)形式。
它是隨著民族的發(fā)展而發(fā)展的，是社會民族文化的一個組成部分。不同民族有著不同的文化、歷史、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和風(fēng)土人情等，各民族的文化和社會風(fēng)俗又都在該民族的語言中表現(xiàn)出來。
語言離不開文化，文化依靠語言，英語教學(xué)是語言教學(xué)，當(dāng)然離不開文化教育。隨著我國對外交往與民族接觸的日益迫切的需要，英語教學(xué)要重視交際能力的培養(yǎng)和隨之而來的要求對所屬文化有所了解的呼聲越來越高。
在英語教學(xué)中，教師應(yīng)努力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化習(xí)得意識，使文化規(guī)范的教學(xué)與語言技能的培養(yǎng)同步進行。關(guān)鍵詞 語言 文化 文化差異 文化意識在美國有這樣一個盡人皆知的句子："When you're down, you are not necessarily out."但是許多English learners卻對其含義不甚了了。
原因是不了解這句話的文化背景。這原是一句拳擊術(shù)語，在拳擊比賽中拳擊手若被對方擊倒，裁判數(shù)到10還不能起來則被判輸。
但在很多情況下不等裁判數(shù)到10，倒地的拳擊手便能爬起來再戰(zhàn)。因此，這句話的表層意思是：當(dāng)你被人擊倒，并不意味著輸了這場比賽。
其寓意為：當(dāng)你遇到挫折，并不一定喪失了成功的機會。由此我們可以得到啟示：在英語教學(xué)中要注重語言和文化的關(guān)系，應(yīng)提高對中西文化差異的敏感性和適應(yīng)性，應(yīng)樹立文化意識并注重文化知識的傳授。
一、語言和文化語言和文化是密不可分的。語言不僅僅是一套符號系統(tǒng)，人們的言語表現(xiàn)形式更要受語言賴以存在的社會/社團（community）的習(xí)俗，生活方式，行為方式，價值觀念，思維方式，宗教信仰，民族心理和性格等的制約和影響。
長期以來，在英語教學(xué)中語言和文化的這種關(guān)系一直未得到足夠的重視。在教學(xué)實踐中，似乎認(rèn)為只要進行聽，說，讀，寫的訓(xùn)練，掌握了語音，詞匯和語法規(guī)則就能理解英語和用英語進行交際。
而實際上由于不了解語言的文化背景，不了解中西文化的差異，在英語學(xué)習(xí)和用英語進行交際中屢屢出現(xiàn)歧義誤解頻繁，語用失誤迭出的現(xiàn)象。如：用How much money can you earn a month？來表示對外國人的關(guān)心，殊不知這是一句冒犯的問話，侵犯了別人隱私（privacy），會激起對方的反感。
中國人以謙遜為美德，如當(dāng)外國人稱贊中國人某一方面的特長時，中國人通常會用You are overpraising me （"過獎"）來應(yīng)酬，這往往會讓說話者感到你在懷疑他的判斷力；抑或是用"Where? Where？"來回答，弄得外國人莫名其妙，不知所云。美國社會學(xué)家G.R.Tucker 和W.E.Lambet對于外語教學(xué)中只教語言不教文化有這樣的看法："我們相信，任何這類企圖都會使學(xué)生失去興趣，使他們不僅不想學(xué)習(xí)語言符號本身，而且也不想了解使用這一符號系統(tǒng)的民族。
相反，幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)語言時提高對文化的敏感性，就可以利用他們發(fā)自內(nèi)心的想了解其他民族的興趣和動力。
從而提供了學(xué)習(xí)該民族的語言的基礎(chǔ)"。二、中西文化的偶合現(xiàn)象與文化差異 不同民族的文化有可能存在某些相同或相似的地方，這被稱為文化的偶合現(xiàn)象。
這主要是由于不同的民族在與大自然作斗爭的過程中會有相同或相似的生活體驗和經(jīng)歷。這種相似性必然會反映到語言中來。
因而在英語和漢語中，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)許多相同或相似的表達。例如："披著羊皮的狼"，英語為wolf in sheep's clothing；"同舟共濟" ，英語為in the same boat；"破土動工"，英語為break earth；"三思而后行"，英語為 think twice before you act；"藍(lán)圖"，英語為blue print，等等，這樣的偶合現(xiàn)象不勝枚舉。
文化的這種偶合現(xiàn)象，可以促進English learners在目的語（target language）學(xué)習(xí)中的"正遷移"（positive transfer）。 但是，不同的民族所處的地理環(huán)境和歷史環(huán)境不同，因而對不同的事物和經(jīng)歷有著不同的編碼（code），分類；不同的民族因不同的宗教信仰，也導(dǎo)致了他們獨特的篤信，崇尚和忌諱心態(tài)；不同的民族因其發(fā)展的特殊歷史過程也產(chǎn)生了本民族自己的歷史典故，傳說軼事。
如：漢語中的"龍"，"生死輪回"，"八卦"，"陰陽"，"氣功"等，對不了解中國文化的外國人來說必然是云里霧里，不知何物。同樣，當(dāng)我們看到英語中He is a wolf這個句子時，還以為是"這個人很兇"，實為"他是個好色之徒"。
中西兩種文化的差異還可以從動物的"文化附加義"的差異窺見一斑。 對于獅子的勇猛（brave），綿羊的溫順（gentle），狐貍的狡猾（sly），烏龜?shù)倪t緩（slow），豬的貪婪（greedy），英語和漢語的文化附加義基本相同。
但在老鼠，騾子和貓頭鷹的習(xí)性上，英語和漢語的文化附加義則大相徑庭。在漢語中有"賊眉鼠目"，"鼠目寸光"等成語，用以形容鬼鬼祟祟和目光短淺。
而老鼠在英語俚語中可指女人，怕羞的人。更由于迪斯尼先生創(chuàng)造了Mickey Mouse這個尤物，從而使得老鼠的形象大放異彩，成為千家萬戶所喜愛的動物，尤其在兒童心目中，更是機智，智慧的象征。
至于騾子，在漢語中，"壽命長，體力大"是它的特征。而英語中騾子是"頑固（stubborn）"的代名詞。
2.英語文化知識具體指什么
淺談英語文化知識滲透于英語教學(xué)內(nèi)容摘要語言是文化的載體，是文化的主要表現(xiàn)形式。
它是隨著民族的發(fā)展而發(fā)展的，是社會民族文化的一個組成部分。不同民族有著不同的文化、歷史、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣和風(fēng)土人情等，各民族的文化和社會風(fēng)俗又都在該民族的語言中表現(xiàn)出來。
語言離不開文化，文化依靠語言，英語教學(xué)是語言教學(xué)，當(dāng)然離不開文化教育。隨著我國對外交往與民族接觸的日益迫切的需要，英語教學(xué)要重視交際能力的培養(yǎng)和隨之而來的要求對所屬文化有所了解的呼聲越來越高。
在英語教學(xué)中，教師應(yīng)努力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化習(xí)得意識，使文化規(guī)范的教學(xué)與語言技能的培養(yǎng)同步進行。關(guān)鍵詞 語言 文化 文化差異 文化意識在美國有這樣一個盡人皆知的句子："When you're down, you are not necessarily out."但是許多English learners卻對其含義不甚了了。
原因是不了解這句話的文化背景。這原是一句拳擊術(shù)語，在拳擊比賽中拳擊手若被對方擊倒，裁判數(shù)到10還不能起來則被判輸。
但在很多情況下不等裁判數(shù)到10，倒地的拳擊手便能爬起來再戰(zhàn)。因此，這句話的表層意思是：當(dāng)你被人擊倒，并不意味著輸了這場比賽。
其寓意為：當(dāng)你遇到挫折，并不一定喪失了成功的機會。由此我們可以得到啟示：在英語教學(xué)中要注重語言和文化的關(guān)系，應(yīng)提高對中西文化差異的敏感性和適應(yīng)性，應(yīng)樹立文化意識并注重文化知識的傳授。
?一、語言和文化語言和文化是密不可分的。語言不僅僅是一套符號系統(tǒng)，人們的言語表現(xiàn)形式更要受語言賴以存在的社會/社團（community）的習(xí)俗，生活方式，行為方式，價值觀念，思維方式，宗教信仰，民族心理和性格等的制約和影響。
長期以來，在英語教學(xué)中語言和文化的這種關(guān)系一直未得到足夠的重視。在教學(xué)實踐中，似乎認(rèn)為只要進行聽，說，讀，寫的訓(xùn)練，掌握了語音，詞匯和語法規(guī)則就能理解英語和用英語進行交際。
而實際上由于不了解語言的文化背景，不了解中西文化的差異，在英語學(xué)習(xí)和用英語進行交際中屢屢出現(xiàn)歧義誤解頻繁，語用失誤迭出的現(xiàn)象。如：用How much money can you earn a month？來表示對外國人的關(guān)心，殊不知這是一句冒犯的問話，侵犯了別人隱私（privacy），會激起對方的反感。
中國人以謙遜為美德，如當(dāng)外國人稱贊中國人某一方面的特長時，中國人通常會用You are overpraising me （"過獎"）來應(yīng)酬，這往往會讓說話者感到你在懷疑他的判斷力；抑或是用"Where? Where？"來回答，弄得外國人莫名其妙，不知所云。美國社會學(xué)家G.R.Tucker 和W.E.Lambet對于外語教學(xué)中只教語言不教文化有這樣的看法："我們相信，任何這類企圖都會使學(xué)生失去興趣，使他們不僅不想學(xué)習(xí)語言符號本身，而且也不想了解使用這一符號系統(tǒng)的民族。
相反，幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)語言時提高對文化的敏感性，就可以利用他們發(fā)自內(nèi)心的想了解其他民族的興趣和動力。
從而提供了學(xué)習(xí)該民族的語言的基礎(chǔ)"。二、中西文化的偶合現(xiàn)象與文化差異 不同民族的文化有可能存在某些相同或相似的地方，這被稱為文化的偶合現(xiàn)象。
這主要是由于不同的民族在與大自然作斗爭的過程中會有相同或相似的生活體驗和經(jīng)歷。這種相似性必然會反映到語言中來。
因而在英語和漢語中，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)許多相同或相似的表達。例如："披著羊皮的狼"，英語為wolf in sheep's clothing；"同舟共濟" ，英語為in the same boat；"破土動工"，英語為break earth；"三思而后行"，英語為 think twice before you act；"藍(lán)圖"，英語為blue print，等等，這樣的偶合現(xiàn)象不勝枚舉。
文化的這種偶合現(xiàn)象，可以促進English learners在目的語（target language）學(xué)習(xí)中的"正遷移"（positive transfer）。 但是，不同的民族所處的地理環(huán)境和歷史環(huán)境不同，因而對不同的事物和經(jīng)歷有著不同的編碼（code），分類；不同的民族因不同的宗教信仰，也導(dǎo)致了他們獨特的篤信，崇尚和忌諱心態(tài)；不同的民族因其發(fā)展的特殊歷史過程也產(chǎn)生了本民族自己的歷史典故，傳說軼事。
如：漢語中的"龍"，"生死輪回"，"八卦"，"陰陽"，"氣功"等，對不了解中國文化的外國人來說必然是云里霧里，不知何物。同樣，當(dāng)我們看到英語中He is a wolf這個句子時，還以為是"這個人很兇"，實為"他是個好色之徒"。
中西兩種文化的差異還可以從動物的"文化附加義"的差異窺見一斑。 對于獅子的勇猛（brave），綿羊的溫順（gentle），狐貍的狡猾（sly），烏龜?shù)倪t緩（slow），豬的貪婪（greedy），英語和漢語的文化附加義基本相同。
但在老鼠，騾子和貓頭鷹的習(xí)性上，英語和漢語的文化附加義則大相徑庭。在漢語中有"賊眉鼠目"，"鼠目寸光"等成語，用以形容鬼鬼祟祟和目光短淺。
而老鼠在英語俚語中可指女人，怕羞的人。更由于迪斯尼先生創(chuàng)造了Mickey Mouse這個尤物，從而使得老鼠的形象大放異彩，成為千家萬戶所喜愛的動物，尤其在兒童心目中，更是機智，智慧的象征。
至于騾子，在漢語中，"壽命長，體力大"是它的特征。而英語中騾子是"頑固（stubborn）"的代名詞。
漢語中人們用貓頭鷹象征不祥之兆，如"貓頭鷹進宅，無事不來"。
3.各國的文化和歷史常識內(nèi)容范圍比較廣,我舉幾個例子,比如：《老人
there have thirteen cross lines and fifty stars constitutes the american flag,and the thirteen cross lines represents early independent states and fifty stars represents the whole states.the author of the book is Ernest Miller Hemingway.the famous building in america i think is the Empire building ,world trade and business center,and the white house.。
4.有誰知道關(guān)于英語的知識、文化風(fēng)俗、故事等啊
or it to be made up entirely from within the continent, the Americans among others had argued that Africa does not have enough trained soldiers to make up a credible and effective force. Here's David Bamford.Mr. Konare's comments, following talks with President Omar al-Bashir in Sudan, are likely to raise eyebrows on the UN Security Council, which has been battling with the Sudanese leader for months on a compromise resolution that would specifically allow non-African peacekeepers to join the revamped Darfur force. There is already an African Union force in Darfur, but it's poorly trained, ill-equipped and only 7,000 in number. The UN is talking about something much more robust, able to stand up to the Janjaweed and rebel militias in Darfur. A foreign man who had been kidnapped in the oil producing region of southern Nigeria has died shortly after being set free. Officials said the man was released by the hostage takers near the town of Yenagoa. Election observers in Sierra Leone have said Saturday's presidential and parliamentary elections were free, fair and credible. They said the ballot went smoothly and the presence of police had given confidence to voters. The European Union's Chief Election Observer Marie-Anne Isler Beguin said she was satisfied with how the election was conducted. "Of course we have a good view now, a good picture of what happened yesterday and we at this moment can be satisfied of the global participation and the global organization." It was Sierra Leone's first election since the departure of the United Nations' peacekeepers who had steered its recovery from years of civil war. The Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has called on leaders of the main parliamentary factions to hold talks within the next two days to try to resolve a political crisis. Two factions have recently withdrawn from the national unity cabinet saying it had failed to end sectarianism. The cabinet is now narrowly based on Shiite Muslim religious parties and Kurdish groups and it has almost no Sunni Arab members. United Nations Children's Fund is making an urgent appeal for women in Iraq to breastfeed their children rather than use infant formula milk. Infant formula needs to be mixed with water and UNICEF says diarrhea caused by water contamination is one of the biggest killers of Iraqi children.A senior Afghan official says he now expects two South Koreans being held by Taliban militants will be released within the next 24 hours. A Taliban spokesman said on Saturday the two Korean women who are said to be unwell had already been released, but this was not confirmed. The authorities in Guatemala say they've rescued 46 more children and babies they think may have been taken from their parents for illegal adoption by foreigners. Police say the infants were found at a house in the city of Antigua after neighbors reported seeing foreigners collecting children there every day. Daniel Schweimler reports.The authority is now investigating whether the children were stolen or their parents were coerced into giving them up. The attorney general's office said that few of the children had the necessary paperwork and the house did not have permission to operate as an adoption center. Last year couples in the United States adopted more than 4,000 infants from Guatemala where it can take half the time and cost considerably less than it does elsewhere. International diplomats leading the latest talks on the future of Kosovo say the partition of the province which is still technically part of Serbia might be possible if both Serbs and Albanians agree. The comments appeared to mark a change in policy. Until now, the international community had insisted that the province stay as one. Nick Thorpe reports.The United States, Russia and the European Union have the unenviable task of trying to broker a deal for Kosovo acceptable to all sides after all other efforts have failed. Wolfgang Ischinger, the EU envoy, told reporters that all options were open to resolve the deadlock, which has reined since the aerial bombing campaign by NATO forced the Serb police and army out of the province eight years ago.A court in China has given a one-year prison sentence and a fine about 130 dollars to a television journalist Zi Beijia who made up a recent report about street vendors in Beijing selling meat buns stuffed with chemicals and cardboard. Mr. Zi's report received wide circulation abroad, embarrassing the government at a time when China is facing international criticism over the quality of some of its exports.。
5.英國的文化地理知識
英國（The United Kingdom）是由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭組成的聯(lián)合王國，一統(tǒng)于一個中央政府和國家元首。
該國社會安定、生活穩(wěn)定，犯罪率低并極少有暴力行為發(fā)生。英國的氣候溫和，無嚴(yán)寒酷暑，四季如春。
這里交通便捷、公路和鐵路系統(tǒng)既安全又高效，電訊業(yè)也屬世界上最發(fā)達者之列。大城市并未隨著時間的推移而迅猛崛起，這就使許多歷史建筑和遺跡得以保存，并確保了大量的公園和綠地未被占用。
作為歐洲最大和最具國際特色的城市，倫敦是英國的政治文化中心，是不折不扣的國際大都市，也是眾多國際組織和企業(yè)的總部所在地。 倫敦塔橋英國是一個具有多元文化和開放思想的社會。
英國的藝術(shù)、音樂、文化和飲食一直受到來自世界各地不同國家的人民和民族習(xí)慣的影響，并與許多國家有著悠久而密切的聯(lián)系。直到現(xiàn)在，它仍與美國、加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭等英語國家保持著牢固的關(guān)系。
英國是歐盟成員國，25年來，在維護和發(fā)展歐盟與中國的關(guān)系方面，它是始終不渝和熱心的支持者。英國是歐盟國家在中國最大的投資者。
英國是世界上第一個工業(yè)化國家，有許多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明，如青霉素、脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）、第一部計算機和噴氣式發(fā)動機等等。英國的經(jīng)濟在世界上占第五位，而且是歐洲最大的金融中心。
倫敦的金融市場吸引著世界各地的眾多公司來此利用英國的商業(yè)契機。二百多年來，英國的各類學(xué)校和大專院校隨著該國舉世矚目的技術(shù)、工業(yè)和金融革命而發(fā)展起來。
但是，其一流的教育歷史更為悠久，可追溯到500多年前牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)成立的時代。 英國海外領(lǐng)土分布圖地理 英國位于歐洲，是由大不列顛島（包括英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士）以及愛爾蘭島東北部的北愛爾蘭和一些小島（海外領(lǐng)地）組成。
英國本土位于歐洲大陸西北面的不列顛群島，被北海、英吉利海峽、凱爾特海、愛爾蘭海和大西洋包圍。24.36萬平方公里（包括內(nèi)陸水域），英格蘭地區(qū)13. 04萬平方公里，蘇格蘭7. 88萬平方公里，威爾士2. 08萬平方公里，北愛爾蘭1. 36萬平方公里。
位于歐洲西部的島國。由大不列顛島（包括英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士）、愛爾蘭島東北部和一些小島組成。
隔北海、多佛爾海峽、英吉利海峽與歐洲大陸相望。它的陸界與愛爾蘭共和國接壤。
海岸線總長11450公里。全境分為四部分：英格蘭東南部平原、中西部山區(qū)、蘇格蘭山區(qū)、北愛爾蘭高原和山區(qū)。
水文 塞文河（354公里）和泰晤士河（346公里）。北愛爾蘭的內(nèi)伊湖（Lough Neagh），面積396平方公里，居全國之首。
氣候 屬海洋性溫帶闊葉林氣候，終年溫和濕潤。通常最高氣溫不超過32℃，最低氣溫不低于-10℃，平均氣溫1月4~7℃，7月13~17℃。
多雨霧，秋冬尤甚。所以，倫敦有霧城之稱。
年平均降水量約1000毫米。北部和西部山區(qū)的年降水量超過2000毫米，中部和東部則少于800毫米。
每年二月至三月最為干燥，十月至來年一月最為濕潤。全國氣候類型為溫帶海洋性氣候。
資源 英國主要的礦產(chǎn)資源有煤、鐵、石油和天然氣。硬煤總儲量1,700億噸。
鐵的蘊藏量約為38億噸。西南部康沃爾半島有錫礦。
在柴郡和達臘姆蘊藏著大量石鹽。斯塔福德郡有優(yōu)質(zhì)粘土。
康沃爾半島出產(chǎn)白粘土。奔寧山脈東坡可開采白云石。
蘭開夏西南部施爾德利丘陵附近蘊藏著石英礦。在英國北海大陸架石油蘊藏量約在10~40億噸之間。
天然氣蘊藏量約在8,600~25,850億立方米左右。 領(lǐng)土糾紛 英國與西班牙之間對直布羅陀的宗主權(quán)存有爭議；與阿根廷之間對福克蘭群島與南喬治亞與南桑威奇群島的宗主權(quán)存有爭議。
雖然因為歷史因素，自從1949年愛爾蘭共和國獨立之后，英、愛兩國之間就一直對北愛爾蘭的歸屬存有爭議甚至演變成暴力沖突。但在1998年兩國簽署《貝爾法斯特協(xié)議》之后，局勢就已從對立逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閰^(qū)域合作。
英屬南極領(lǐng)地與智利和阿根廷在南極大陸所宣稱的領(lǐng)土范圍有多處重疊。但根據(jù)《南極公約》，目前各國于南極的聲稱領(lǐng)土權(quán)處于永久凍結(jié)的狀態(tài)。
毛里求斯和塞舌爾也對英屬印度洋領(lǐng)地聲稱占有主權(quán)。 古跡 為數(shù)眾多的城堡和鄉(xiāng)村宅邸是長期以來英國的土地房產(chǎn)都為貴族家庭所擁有的歷史見證。
大量珍貴的古式建筑都被完好地保留了下來，其中包括當(dāng)今仍然為人所用的馬爾伯勒公爵的布萊尼姆宮、德文郡公爵的察茲沃斯宮（CHATSWORTH）、巴斯侯爵的朗利特莊園（LONGLEAT HOUSE），這些王公貴族在喬治王朝、都鐸王朝、伊麗莎白王朝及其它歷史時期修建的私人莊園和宅邸是英國歷史建筑的典型代表。散布在城鎮(zhèn)鄉(xiāng)村的很多私人莊園和宅邸以及古老的城墻、城樓、獨特的建筑物和其它有紀(jì)念意義的建筑物都作為英國的歷史遺產(chǎn)而得到了積極的保護，受到保護的歷史建筑中還包括古老的采礦場塔樓、工業(yè)革命時期的磨房和工廠、托馬斯·特爾福德修建的鐵橋及其它橋梁、鋼鐵建筑的杰作-福斯大橋、以及造型優(yōu)美的克里夫敦懸索橋等等。
倫敦大本鐘園林 英國國家信托組織和蘇格蘭國家信托組織在英國照管大約240個園林，并對公眾開發(fā)。英國遺產(chǎn)保護組織也是部分英國最重要的風(fēng)景勝地的監(jiān)護人，其照管的園林中包括肯特郡唐豪斯的查爾斯·達。
6.【英語手抄報寫什么內(nèi)容呢
這是西方飲食文化的Apart from the beautiful and varied landscape,the heat of the andalucian sunshine and the passion of the people,Andalucia is well known throughout the world as a very social and friendly place especially when it comes to enjoying food.Andalucia,the largest and southernmost region of Spain is famous for its gastronomic culture which involves long lazy lunches and many hours socialising over a tapa.It is said that the andalucians and indeed the Spanish eat more food than their European counterparts.This may be true,but it is the manner in which the local people approach their meals that is so special.Spanish breakfast 。
First up is of course breakfast.However unlike the British where breakfast traditionally involves a large fry up or cereal topped with fruit followed by toast,the Spanish breakfast is the smallest of the day.Usually the day begins with a cup of tea or coffee or a glass of milk or a batido (chocolate milk drink).This is often accompanied by biscuits of some sort.In the 'desayuno' or breakfast section of the supermarket you will find all manner of biscuits from the healthy high in fibre ones to the kid's varieties packed with calcium and chocolate for good measure.Spanish lunch 。Lunch is typically between 2 and 3pm but can go on until at least 4 or 5pm.This is especially true in Andalucia during the summer months as it really is too hot to do anything much and lunch time is an opportunity to have a good meal,get out of the sun and enjoy a siesta.Spanish dinner 。
Due to the late lunch and seemingly constant snacking in between,dinner doesn't usually happen before 9pm.Although smaller than lunch,the Spanish evening meal is still a social affair with the family sitting down together.Dinner can consist of two or three courses,or a bbq in the summer but sometimes it is just a yoghurt and fruit or something light such as a bowl of rice with vegetables or a bowl of soup.A light evening meal or supper is often the case during the winter months when children and parents have to get up early for school and work.。
7.請給出一些有關(guān)中國古文化及傳統(tǒng)的英文知識.要英文
呵呵，中國上下五千年歷史博大精深，有太多了，我簡單說一些哦，是常識哦：）~~
上面是中文意思，下面是英文對照。
中國古文化常識
古代主要節(jié)日
(01)元日：正月初一，一年開始。
(02)人日：正月初七，主小孩。
(03)上元：正月十五，張燈為戲，又叫“燈節(jié)”
(04)社日：春分前后，祭祀祈禱農(nóng)事。
(05)寒食：清明前兩日，禁火三日（吳子胥）
(06)清明：四月初，掃墓、祭祀。
(07)端午：五月初五，吃粽子，劃龍（屈原）
(08)七夕：七月初七，婦女乞巧（牛郎織女）
(09)中元：七月十五，祭祀鬼神，又叫“鬼節(jié)”
(10)中秋：八月十五，賞月，思鄉(xiāng)
(11)重陽：九月初九，登高，插茱萸免災(zāi)
(12)冬至：又叫“至日”，節(jié)氣的起點。
(13)臘日：臘月初八，喝“臘八粥”
(14)除夕：一年的最后一天的晚上，初舊迎新
英文版的：）~
Chinese classical Chinese literature general knowledge
Ancient times main holiday
(01) 元日： In first lunar month first day, a year start.
(02) person date: In first lunar month seventh day, main child.
(03) 上元： In first lunar month 15, Zhang Dengwei the play, is called "lantern festival"
(04) the sacrifices to the god of the land: Around the vernal equinox, the sacrificial offering prays the farming.
(05) cold food festival: Pure Brightness previous on second， 禁火 on third （吳子 assists）
(06) Pure Brightness: At the beginning of April, sweeps the graves, the sacrificial offering.
(07) fifth day of the fifth lunar month: In May fifth day, eats the steamed rice dumpling, delimits the dragon (Qu Yuan)
(08) the seventh night of the seventh lunar month: In July seventh day, woman 乞巧 （牛郎織女） （09） center Yuan: In July 15, the sacrificial offering ghosts and gods, are called "the ghosts' festival"
(10) midautumn festival: In August 15, enjoys looking at the moon, homesickness
(11) Double Ninth Festival: In September ninth day, the climb up, inserts the fruit of a medicinal cornel to exempt the disaster
(12) the winter solstice: Also calls "the solstice", solar terms beginning.
(13) eighth day of the twelfth lunar month: In December eighth day, drinks "the Laba gruel"
(14) the lunar New Year's Eve: A year last day-long evening, initially old welcomes a newcomer
8.英語文化小知識
or it to be made up entirely from within the continent, the Americans among others had argued that Africa does not have enough trained soldiers to make up a credible and effective force. Here's David Bamford. Mr. Konare's comments, following talks with President Omar al-Bashir in Sudan, are likely to raise eyebrows on the UN Security Council, which has been battling with the Sudanese leader for months on a compromise resolution that would specifically allow non-African peacekeepers to join the revamped Darfur force. There is already an African Union force in Darfur, but it's poorly trained, ill-equipped and only 7,000 in number. The UN is talking about something much more robust, able to stand up to the Janjaweed and rebel militias in Darfur. A foreign man who had been kidnapped in the oil producing region of southern Nigeria has died shortly after being set free. Officials said the man was released by the hostage takers near the town of Yenagoa. Election observers in Sierra Leone have said Saturday's presidential and parliamentary elections were free, fair and credible. They said the ballot went smoothly and the presence of police had given confidence to voters. The European Union's Chief Election Observer Marie-Anne Isler Beguin said she was satisfied with how the election was conducted. "Of course we have a good view now, a good picture of what happened yesterday and we at this moment can be satisfied of the global participation and the global organization." It was Sierra Leone's first election since the departure of the United Nations' peacekeepers who had steered its recovery from years of civil war. The Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has called on leaders of the main parliamentary factions to hold talks within the next two days to try to resolve a political crisis. Two factions have recently withdrawn from the national unity cabinet saying it had failed to end sectarianism. The cabinet is now narrowly based on Shiite Muslim religious parties and Kurdish groups and it has almost no Sunni Arab members. United Nations Children's Fund is making an urgent appeal for women in Iraq to breastfeed their children rather than use infant formula milk. Infant formula needs to be mixed with water and UNICEF says diarrhea caused by water contamination is one of the biggest killers of Iraqi children. A senior Afghan official says he now expects two South Koreans being held by Taliban militants will be released within the next 24 hours. A Taliban spokesman said on Saturday the two Korean women who are said to be unwell had already been released, but this was not confirmed. The authorities in Guatemala say they've rescued 46 more children and babies they think may have been taken from their parents for illegal adoption by foreigners. Police say the infants were found at a house in the city of Antigua after neighbors reported seeing foreigners collecting children there every day. Daniel Schweimler reports. The authority is now investigating whether the children were stolen or their parents were coerced into giving them up. The attorney general's office said that few of the children had the necessary paperwork and the house did not have permission to operate as an adoption center. Last year couples in the United States adopted more than 4,000 infants from Guatemala where it can take half the time and cost considerably less than it does elsewhere. International diplomats leading the latest talks on the future of Kosovo say the partition of the province which is still technically part of Serbia might be possible if both Serbs and Albanians agree. The comments appeared to mark a change in policy. Until now, the international community had insisted that the province stay as one. Nick Thorpe reports. The United States, Russia and the European Union have the unenviable task of trying to broker a deal for Kosovo acceptable to all sides after all other efforts have failed. Wolfgang Ischinger, the EU envoy, told reporters that all options were open to resolve the deadlock, which has reined since the aerial bombing campaign by NATO forced the Serb police and army out of the province eight years ago. A court in China has given a one-year prison sentence and a fine about 130 dollars to a television journalist Zi Beijia who made up a recent report about street vendors in Beijing selling meat buns stuffed with chemicals and cardboard. Mr. Zi's report received wide circulation abroad, embarrassing the government at a time when China is facing 。
