1.英語(yǔ)科學(xué)小知識(shí)

1. bat an eye (show surprise, fear, or interest) 眨一下眼睛（表示驚訝、恐懼等）該成語(yǔ)通常用于否定句中，表示不露聲色.例：Tom told his story without batting an eye, although not a world of it was true.雖然沒(méi)有一句話是真的，湯姆編造故事卻面不改色.2. be all fingers and thumbs做事笨手笨腳例：He could not undo the string of the parcel ---- she was all fingers and thumbs.他怎么也解不開(kāi)包袱上的繩子 ---- 真是笨手笨腳. 3. be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth (born with inherited privilege or wealth) 門(mén)第高貴；出生富豪[注] 銀具是富裕人家身份的象征之一，生在富貴人家的孩子多用銀匙 （silver spoon） 喂食.例：When does she know about hardship ---- she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.她根本就不知道什么叫艱難 ---- 他出生在富貴人家.4. be in sth. up to one's neck (be very much and very seriously involved in) 深陷于.中例：She said she knew nothing about the robbery, but I'm sure she's in it up to her neck.她說(shuō)她對(duì)這起搶劫案一無(wú)所知，不過(guò)我敢肯定她深深卷入其中.5. bite the hand that feeds one (be very ungrateful) 忘恩負(fù)義；以怨報(bào)德例：She felt that her protégé had bitten the hand that fed him by making unkind remarks about her in public.她覺(jué)得她的被保護(hù)人在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合講有損她的話是忘恩負(fù)義.6. bite off sb's nose (scold sb. severely; disagree with sb. in a bad manner) 氣勢(shì)洶洶地回答某人；聲色俱厲地訓(xùn)斥某人[注] 也作snap off sb's head.該成語(yǔ)最早出現(xiàn)于16世紀(jì).到了18世紀(jì)，有人用動(dòng)詞 snap 替換該成語(yǔ)中的 bite 一詞.例：She bites off his nose on the faintest provocation.不管有事無(wú)事，她動(dòng)不動(dòng)就聲色俱厲地訓(xùn)斥他.7. break the back of sth. (complete the heaviest or most difficult part of sth. hurt the most import part) 門(mén)第高貴；出生富豪[注] 銀具是富裕人家身份的象征之一，生在富貴人家的孩子多用銀匙 （silver spoon） 喂食.同義語(yǔ)有be born in （或to） the pruple; be radled in purple.例：Now that you've broken the back of the job, have a rest.你既然已經(jīng)完成了這項(xiàng)工作的主要部分，那就休息一下吧.8. bury one's head in the sand (deliberately ignore sth. that is obvious but unpleasant) 逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)；拒絕承認(rèn)現(xiàn)實(shí)[注] 鴕鳥(niǎo)遇到危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，總是把頭埋在沙里，自己看不見(jiàn)敵人就認(rèn)為敵人也看不見(jiàn)自己，由此產(chǎn)生這一成語(yǔ).例：He had suspected for some months that his son was taking drugs, but he had buried his head in the sand and refused to admit it, even to himself.幾個(gè)月來(lái)，他一直懷疑自己的兒子在吸毒，但他卻采取鴕鳥(niǎo)政策，拒絕承認(rèn)現(xiàn)實(shí). 9. carry a chip on one's shoulder (have rather an aggressive manner, as if always expecting to be insulted, ill-treated) 以挑釁的態(tài)度出現(xiàn)；像要跟人家打架似的[注] 19世紀(jì)中葉美國(guó)中西部的居民尋釁打架時(shí)，常把一塊碎木片（chip）放在肩膀上，誰(shuí)要與他打架就得先擊落這塊木片.例：He is very difficult to deal with ---- he's always carried a chip on his shoulder about his lack of education.他這個(gè)人很難對(duì)付----由于沒(méi)能受到良好的教育，他整天都像要跟人家打架似的.10. chance one's arm (do sth. risky; take a risk) 冒險(xiǎn)一試；碰碰運(yùn)氣[注] 該成語(yǔ)原出自拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)，后被裁縫吸收為行話；從1890年起，又被士兵們用來(lái)指“冒降級(jí)的險(xiǎn)”例：The manager decided to chance his arms and try to write a book on economy.這個(gè)經(jīng)理決定碰碰運(yùn)氣，試著寫(xiě)一本關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)的書(shū).。

2.英語(yǔ)科普小知識(shí),急

Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, gentically mondified (GM， 轉(zhuǎn)基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would ,is it the best solutiorr? Despite what it promiises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In fact Studies show that the most crown GM croo. GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on mojor GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production. Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（殺蟲(chóng)劑）. On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition. At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report. As a matter of fact ,scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.。

3.英語(yǔ)科普小知識(shí),急

要想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不止才有這幾個(gè)方面，還要掌握一些重要的知識(shí)。

例如：英語(yǔ)中的“八大時(shí)態(tài)”?！鞍舜髸r(shí)態(tài)”分別有：一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

當(dāng)然英語(yǔ)的“八大時(shí)態(tài)”也很重要，它也是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的最基本。以下是“八大時(shí)態(tài)”的簡(jiǎn)介。

一、一般時(shí)態(tài) 1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示沒(méi)有時(shí)限的持久存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和副詞 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等連用。 （2）在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。

（3）某些表示起始的動(dòng)詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。（4）在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引導(dǎo)的從句中，也常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)2.一般過(guò)去時(shí) （1）表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示確切過(guò)去時(shí)間的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句連用。

（2）表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。（注意與be used to doing短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別） 3.一般將來(lái)時(shí) 1）表示將來(lái)打算進(jìn)行或期待發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2）幾種替代形式： 1)be going to +v在口語(yǔ)中廣泛使用，表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情2)be to +v表示計(jì)劃安排要做的事，具有“必要”的強(qiáng)制性意義。3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。

4)be due to +v表示預(yù)先確定了的事， 必定發(fā)生的事。5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 強(qiáng)調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。

. 二、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) （1）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。（2）表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。

（3）表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排在最近要進(jìn)行的事情。具有這種語(yǔ)法功能的動(dòng)詞僅限于過(guò)渡性動(dòng)詞。

即表示從一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)狀態(tài)或位置上去的動(dòng)詞。常用的有：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。

（4）有些動(dòng)詞不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)，這是一類(lèi)表示“感覺(jué)，感情，存在，從屬”等的動(dòng)詞。如：see,hear,smell,taste,feel, notice,look,appear，（表示感覺(jué)的詞）；hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse, forgive（表示感情的動(dòng)詞）；be,exist,remain,stay,obtain（表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞）；have,possess, own,contain,belong,consist of,form（表示占有與從屬的動(dòng)詞）；understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember （表示思考理解的動(dòng)詞）。

但是如果它們?cè)~義改變，便也可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或表示過(guò)去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣，常與always,continually,constantly等動(dòng)詞連用。3. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或表示要在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，并繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。

常用來(lái)表示禮貌的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求等4. 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) （現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是（現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)）完成時(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，將放在完成時(shí)態(tài)部分講述。 三、完成時(shí)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài)通常表示已完成或從事的動(dòng)作。

它可分為： 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示對(duì)目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動(dòng)作（常與yet,already,just連用），或者過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for,since連用）。（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：since, for, during, over等引導(dǎo)出的短語(yǔ)；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語(yǔ)詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等 （3）完成時(shí)態(tài)可用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語(yǔ)從句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語(yǔ)從句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級(jí)+ n +定語(yǔ)從句。

如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) （1）表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，這個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間可以用by,before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示；或者表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。

（2）動(dòng)詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的希望、預(yù)期、意圖或愿望等沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away. 另外兩種表示“過(guò)去想做而未做的事”的表達(dá)方式是： 1)was / were + to have done sth, (3)過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于以下固定句型： 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過(guò)去完成時(shí)+ when + 過(guò)去時(shí)。

2)no sooner +過(guò)去完成時(shí)+ than +過(guò)去時(shí)。3)by (the end of ) +過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

3. 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻將完成或在另一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作；也可以用來(lái)表示一種猜測(cè)。常與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： by (the time / the end of 。

4.小學(xué)科普版英語(yǔ)總匯

一一一一。

.短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ) go homego homego homego home回家回家回家回家 go to schoolgo to schoolgo to schoolgo to school去上學(xué)去上學(xué)去上學(xué)去上學(xué) go swimminggo swimminggo swimminggo swimming去游泳去游泳去游泳去游泳 go fishinggo fishinggo fishinggo fishing去釣魚(yú)去釣魚(yú)去釣魚(yú)去釣魚(yú) play basketballplay basketballplay basketballplay basketball打籃球打籃球打籃球打籃球 play footballplay footballplay footballplay football踢足球踢足球踢足球踢足球 play a gameplay a gameplay a gameplay a game做游戲做游戲做游戲做游戲 play the guitarplay the guitarplay the guitarplay the guitar彈彈彈彈吉它吉它吉它吉它 play the pianoplay the pianoplay the pianoplay the piano彈鋼琴?gòu)椾撉購(gòu)椾撉購(gòu)椾撉?read a bookread a bookread a bookread a book看書(shū)看書(shū)看書(shū)看書(shū)，，，，讀書(shū)讀書(shū)讀書(shū)讀書(shū) read a letterread a letterread a letterread a letter看信看信看信看信，，，，讀信讀信讀信讀信 write a letterwrite a letterwrite a letterwrite a letter寫(xiě)信寫(xiě)信寫(xiě)信寫(xiě)信 listen to the teacherlisten to the teacherlisten to the teacherlisten to the teacher聽(tīng)老師說(shuō)聽(tīng)老師說(shuō)聽(tīng)老師說(shuō)聽(tīng)老師說(shuō) listen to melisten to melisten to melisten to me聽(tīng)我說(shuō)聽(tīng)我說(shuō)聽(tīng)我說(shuō)聽(tīng)我說(shuō) listen to the radiolisten to the radiolisten to the radiolisten to the radio聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)收音機(jī)收音機(jī)收音機(jī)收音機(jī) watch TVwatch TVwatch TVwatch TV看電視看電視看電視看電視 wash your facewash your facewash your facewash your face洗你的臉洗你的臉洗你的臉洗你的臉 wash your handswash your handswash your handswash your hands洗你的手洗你的手洗你的手洗你的手 sing a songsing a songsing a songsing a song唱歌唱歌唱歌唱歌 do my homeworkdo my homeworkdo my homeworkdo my homework做家庭作業(yè)做家庭作業(yè)做家庭作業(yè)做家庭作業(yè) clean the classroomclean the classroomclean the classroomclean the classroom打掃教室打掃教室打掃教室打掃教室 具體答案。

5.科普英語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容

暗銀河系的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其科學(xué)意義 In addition to conventional galaxies, the universe contains very dim galaxies that until recently went unnoticed by astronomers. Possibly as numerous as conventional galaxies, these galaxies have the same general shape and even the same approximate number of stars as a common type of conventional galaxy, the spiral, but tend to be much larger. Because these galaxies 'mass is spread out over larger areas, they have far fewer stars per unit volume than do conventional galaxies. Apparently these low-surface-brightness galaxies, as they are called, take much longer than conventional galaxies to condense their primordial gas and convert it to stars—that is, they evolve much more slowly. These galaxies may constitute an answer to the long-standing puzzle of the missingbaryonic mass in the universe. Baryons—subatomic particles亞原子粒子 that are generally protons or neutrons—are the source of stellar, and therefore galactic, luminosity, and so their numbers can be estimated based on how luminous galaxies are. However, the amount of helium in the universe, as measured by spectroscopy光譜學(xué)， suggests that there are far more baryons in the universe than estimates based on galactic luminosity indicate. Astronomers have long speculated that the missing baryonic mass might eventuallybe discovered in intergalactic space星系際的空間 or as some large population of galaxies that are difficult to detect. -------------------------------另類(lèi)海豹哺乳方式與眾不同 Until recently, zoologists believed that all species of phocids (true seals), a pinnipped family, use a different maternal strategy than do otariids (fur seals andsea lions), another pinniped family. Mother otariids use a foraging strategy. They acquire moderate energy stores in the form of blubber before arriving at breeding sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after birth. Throughout the rest of the lactation (milk production) period, which lasts from 4 months to 3 years depending on the species, mother otariids alternately forage at sea, where they replenish their fat stores, and nurse their young at breeding sites. Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocids species, by contrast,use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species. However, recent studies onharbor seals, a phocids species, found that lactating females commenced foragingapproximately 6 days after giving birth and on average made 7 foraging trips during the remainder of their 24-day lactation period. The maternal strategy evolved by harbor seals may have to do with their small size and the large proportion of their fat stores depleted in lactation. Harbor seals are small compared with other phocids species such as grey seals, all of which are known to fast for the entire lactation period. Studies show that mother seals of these species use respectively 84 percent, 58 percent, and 33 percent of their fat stores during lactation. By comparison, harbor seals use 80 percent of their fat stores in just the first 19 days of lactation, even though they occasionally feed during this period. Since such a large proportion of their fat stores is exhausted despite feeding, mother harbor seals clearly cannot support all of lactation using only energy stored before giving birth. Though smallerthan many other phocids, harbor seals are similar in size to most otariids. In addition,there is already some evidence suggesting that the ringed seal, a phocids species thatis similar in size to the harbor seal, may also use a maternal foraging strategy.------------------------------pheromones是什么東東，是不是該劃為odorantThere is no consensus among researchers regarding what qualifies a substance as a pheromone. While most agree on a basic definition of pheromones as chemicals released by one individual of a species which, when detected by another individual of the same species, elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response, some researchers also specify that the response to pheromones must be unconscious. In addition, the distinctionbetween pheromones and odorants—chemicals that are consciously detected as odors---can be blurry, and some researchers classify pheromones as atype of odorant. Evidence that pheromone responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in many species, pheromones are processed by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) system, which uses a special structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO),。

6.關(guān)于科普知識(shí)的英語(yǔ)作文200字

As we know, Air pllution is bad for our health.We have very

serious air pollution around, became the main environment problems in

our city.Air pollution has seriously affected our lives.

In order

to protect the air environment in the city, to protect our health,We

must do the following.First of all,We can use clean fuel When we drive

or take the bus.Of course,We can also ride a bicycle to replace

them.Second,We have to plant more trees, let us more fresh air.Of

course, there are many ways to protect environment.

I believe, as long as we all work together,We'll have a clean their homes.

7.英語(yǔ)科學(xué)小短文（彩虹來(lái)自于哪里

A scientific explanation of rainbowThe rainbow's appearance is caused by dispersion of sunlight as it goes through raindrops. The light is first refracted as it enters the surface of the raindrop, reflected off the back of the drop, and again refracted as it leaves the drop. The overall effect is that the incoming light is reflected back over a wide range of angles, with the most intense light at an angle of 40°–42°. The angle is independent of the size of the drop, but does depend on its refractive index. Seawater has a higher refractive index than rain water, so the radius of a 'rain'bow in sea spray is smaller than a true rainbow. This is visible to the naked eye by a misalignment of these bows.[2]The amount by which light is refracted depends upon its wavelength, and hence its colour. Blue light (shorter wavelength) is refracted at a greater angle than red light, but because the area of the back of the droplet has a focal point inside the droplet, the spectrum crosses itself, and therefore the red light appears higher in the sky, and forms the outer colour of the rainbow. Contrary to popular belief, the light at the back of the raindrop does not undergo total internal reflection and some light does emerge from the back. However, light coming out the back of the raindrop does not create a rainbow between the observer and the sun because spectra emitted from the back of the raindrop do not have a maximum of intensity, as the other visible rainbows do, and thus the colours blend together rather than forming a rainbow.A rainbow does not actually exist at a particular location in the sky. It is an optical illusion whose apparent position depends on the observer's location and the position of the sun. All raindrops refract and reflect the sunlight in the same way, but only the light from some raindrops reaches the observer's eye. This light is what constitutes the rainbow for that observer. The position of a rainbow in the sky is always in the opposite direction of the Sun with respect to the observer, and the interior is always slightly brighter than the exterior. The bow is centred on the shadow of the observer's head, or more exactly at the antisolar point (which is below the horizon during the daytime), appearing at an angle of 40°–42° to the line between the observer's head and its shadow. As a result, if the Sun is higher than 42°， then the rainbow is below the horizon and cannot be seen as there are not usually sufficient raindrops between the horizon (that is: eye height) and the ground, to contribute. Exceptions occur when the observer is high above the ground, for example in an aeroplane (see above), on top of a mountain, or above a waterfall. A rainbow can be generated using a garden sprinkler but to get sufficient drops they must be very small.。

8.急

Think twice before you swat a fly or squash a bug: A newstudysays insects contribute more than $57 billion (euro47 billion)ayear to the U。

S。 economy。

And that is a very conservative estimate, said John Losey,aCornell University associate professor of entomology whoconductedthe study, published in the current issue of thejournalBioScience。 Most insects tirelessly perform ns that improve ourenvironmentand lives in ways that scientists are only beginningtounderstand, said Losey, who wrote the study with Mace Vaughanofthe Portland, Oregon-based Xerces Society forInvertebrateConservation。

There are more than 1 million named insect species _ andprobablyan equal number unidentified _ making them the mostabundant lifeform on the planet。 The study focused only on wild insects and did not count thevalueof commercially produced insect-derived products, such ashoney andsilk。

Lawrence Abrahamson, an entomologist at the State UniversityofNew York, agreed the $57 billion (euro47 billion) figureisconservative。 Most people think of insects and go yuck。

They thinkaboutmosquitoes and flies。 They dont realize just about everythinginlife is affected some way, somehow, by insects, he said。