1.科普英語的內(nèi)容

〖內(nèi)容簡介〗-趣味科普英語學習指導（初級）：含磁帶 本書是與《趣味科普英語》配套的學習指導用書，具有以下特點：1.增補了新的科普知識點，從一定程度上彌補了《趣味科普英語》由于篇幅所限而帶來的知識點不夠全面的不足。

2.對《趣味科普英語》一書所列舉的創(chuàng)意題給出了答案要點，突出了中小學生用英語表達科技創(chuàng)意的關(guān)鍵知識。3.將《趣味科普英語》一書中的課文翻譯成了中文，有助于加深對原文的理解。

4.配有錄音磁帶，讓中小學生在閱讀英語科普作品的同時，在聽力上有所提高和突破。5.適合學生自學，也可作為家長和教師輔導學生之用/。

2.科普英語的內(nèi)容

暗銀河系的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其科學意義 In addition to conventional galaxies, the universe contains very dim galaxies that until recently went unnoticed by astronomers. Possibly as numerous as conventional galaxies, these galaxies have the same general shape and even the same approximate number of stars as a common type of conventional galaxy, the spiral, but tend to be much larger. Because these galaxies 'mass is spread out over larger areas, they have far fewer stars per unit volume than do conventional galaxies. Apparently these low-surface-brightness galaxies, as they are called, take much longer than conventional galaxies to condense their primordial gas and convert it to stars—that is, they evolve much more slowly. These galaxies may constitute an answer to the long-standing puzzle of the missingbaryonic mass in the universe. Baryons—subatomic particles亞原子粒子 that are generally protons or neutrons—are the source of stellar, and therefore galactic, luminosity, and so their numbers can be estimated based on how luminous galaxies are. However, the amount of helium in the universe, as measured by spectroscopy光譜學， suggests that there are far more baryons in the universe than estimates based on galactic luminosity indicate. Astronomers have long speculated that the missing baryonic mass might eventuallybe discovered in intergalactic space星系際的空間 or as some large population of galaxies that are difficult to detect. -------------------------------另類海豹哺乳方式與眾不同 Until recently, zoologists believed that all species of phocids (true seals), a pinnipped family, use a different maternal strategy than do otariids (fur seals andsea lions), another pinniped family. Mother otariids use a foraging strategy. They acquire moderate energy stores in the form of blubber before arriving at breeding sites and then fast for 5 to 11 days after birth. Throughout the rest of the lactation (milk production) period, which lasts from 4 months to 3 years depending on the species, mother otariids alternately forage at sea, where they replenish their fat stores, and nurse their young at breeding sites. Zoologists had assumed that females of all phocids species, by contrast,use a fasting strategy in which mother phocids, having accumulated large energy stores before they arrive at breeding sites, fast throughout the entire lactation period, which lasts from 4 to 50 days depending on the species. However, recent studies onharbor seals, a phocids species, found that lactating females commenced foragingapproximately 6 days after giving birth and on average made 7 foraging trips during the remainder of their 24-day lactation period. The maternal strategy evolved by harbor seals may have to do with their small size and the large proportion of their fat stores depleted in lactation. Harbor seals are small compared with other phocids species such as grey seals, all of which are known to fast for the entire lactation period. Studies show that mother seals of these species use respectively 84 percent, 58 percent, and 33 percent of their fat stores during lactation. By comparison, harbor seals use 80 percent of their fat stores in just the first 19 days of lactation, even though they occasionally feed during this period. Since such a large proportion of their fat stores is exhausted despite feeding, mother harbor seals clearly cannot support all of lactation using only energy stored before giving birth. Though smallerthan many other phocids, harbor seals are similar in size to most otariids. In addition,there is already some evidence suggesting that the ringed seal, a phocids species thatis similar in size to the harbor seal, may also use a maternal foraging strategy.------------------------------pheromones是什么東東，是不是該劃為odorantThere is no consensus among researchers regarding what qualifies a substance as a pheromone. While most agree on a basic definition of pheromones as chemicals released by one individual of a species which, when detected by another individual of the same species, elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response, some researchers also specify that the response to pheromones must be unconscious. In addition, the distinctionbetween pheromones and odorants—chemicals that are consciously detected as odors---can be blurry, and some researchers classify pheromones as atype of odorant. Evidence that pheromone responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in many species, pheromones are processed by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) system, which uses a special structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO),。

3.英語科學小知識

1. bat an eye (show surprise, fear, or interest) 眨一下眼睛（表示驚訝、恐懼等）該成語通常用于否定句中，表示不露聲色.例：Tom told his story without batting an eye, although not a world of it was true.雖然沒有一句話是真的，湯姆編造故事卻面不改色.2. be all fingers and thumbs做事笨手笨腳例：He could not undo the string of the parcel ---- she was all fingers and thumbs.他怎么也解不開包袱上的繩子 ---- 真是笨手笨腳. 3. be born with a silver spoon in one's mouth (born with inherited privilege or wealth) 門第高貴；出生富豪[注] 銀具是富裕人家身份的象征之一，生在富貴人家的孩子多用銀匙 （silver spoon） 喂食.例：When does she know about hardship ---- she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.她根本就不知道什么叫艱難 ---- 他出生在富貴人家.4. be in sth. up to one's neck (be very much and very seriously involved in) 深陷于.中例：She said she knew nothing about the robbery, but I'm sure she's in it up to her neck.她說她對這起搶劫案一無所知，不過我敢肯定她深深卷入其中.5. bite the hand that feeds one (be very ungrateful) 忘恩負義；以怨報德例：She felt that her protégé had bitten the hand that fed him by making unkind remarks about her in public.她覺得她的被保護人在公開場合講有損她的話是忘恩負義.6. bite off sb's nose (scold sb. severely; disagree with sb. in a bad manner) 氣勢洶洶地回答某人；聲色俱厲地訓斥某人[注] 也作snap off sb's head.該成語最早出現(xiàn)于16世紀.到了18世紀，有人用動詞 snap 替換該成語中的 bite 一詞.例：She bites off his nose on the faintest provocation.不管有事無事，她動不動就聲色俱厲地訓斥他.7. break the back of sth. (complete the heaviest or most difficult part of sth. hurt the most import part) 門第高貴；出生富豪[注] 銀具是富裕人家身份的象征之一，生在富貴人家的孩子多用銀匙 （silver spoon） 喂食.同義語有be born in （或to） the pruple; be radled in purple.例：Now that you've broken the back of the job, have a rest.你既然已經(jīng)完成了這項工作的主要部分，那就休息一下吧.8. bury one's head in the sand (deliberately ignore sth. that is obvious but unpleasant) 逃避現(xiàn)實；拒絕承認現(xiàn)實[注] 鴕鳥遇到危險時，總是把頭埋在沙里，自己看不見敵人就認為敵人也看不見自己，由此產(chǎn)生這一成語.例：He had suspected for some months that his son was taking drugs, but he had buried his head in the sand and refused to admit it, even to himself.幾個月來，他一直懷疑自己的兒子在吸毒，但他卻采取鴕鳥政策，拒絕承認現(xiàn)實. 9. carry a chip on one's shoulder (have rather an aggressive manner, as if always expecting to be insulted, ill-treated) 以挑釁的態(tài)度出現(xiàn)；像要跟人家打架似的[注] 19世紀中葉美國中西部的居民尋釁打架時，常把一塊碎木片（chip）放在肩膀上，誰要與他打架就得先擊落這塊木片.例：He is very difficult to deal with ---- he's always carried a chip on his shoulder about his lack of education.他這個人很難對付----由于沒能受到良好的教育，他整天都像要跟人家打架似的.10. chance one's arm (do sth. risky; take a risk) 冒險一試；碰碰運氣[注] 該成語原出自拳擊運動，后被裁縫吸收為行話；從1890年起，又被士兵們用來指“冒降級的險”例：The manager decided to chance his arms and try to write a book on economy.這個經(jīng)理決定碰碰運氣，試著寫一本關(guān)于經(jīng)濟的書.。

4.英語科普小知識,急

要想學好英語不止才有這幾個方面，還要掌握一些重要的知識。

例如：英語中的“八大時態(tài)”?！鞍舜髸r態(tài)”分別有：一般將來時，一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時，過去將來時，過去完成時和過去進行時。

當然英語的“八大時態(tài)”也很重要，它也是學好英語的最基本。以下是“八大時態(tài)”的簡介。

一、一般時態(tài) 1、一般現(xiàn)在時 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常和副詞 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等連用。 （2）在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。

（3）某些表示起始的動詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，這類動詞有：be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。（4）在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引導的從句中，也常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時2.一般過去時 （1）表示過去某一特定時間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。

（2）表示過去習慣性動作。（注意與be used to doing短語的區(qū)別） 3.一般將來時 1）表示將來打算進行或期待發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。

2）幾種替代形式： 1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用，表示準備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事，具有“必要”的強制性意義。3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。

4)be due to +v表示預先確定了的事， 必定發(fā)生的事。5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 強調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。

. 二、進行時態(tài) 1.現(xiàn)在進行時 （1）表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。（2）表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作， 常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。

（3）表示根據(jù)計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限于過渡性動詞。

即表示從一個狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個狀態(tài)或位置上去的動詞。常用的有：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。

（4）有些動詞不能用進行時，這是一類表示“感覺，感情，存在，從屬”等的動詞。如：see,hear,smell,taste,feel, notice,look,appear，（表示感覺的詞）；hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse, forgive（表示感情的動詞）；be,exist,remain,stay,obtain（表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞）；have,possess, own,contain,belong,consist of,form（表示占有與從屬的動詞）；understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember （表示思考理解的動詞）。

但是如果它們詞義改變，便也可用進行時態(tài)2. 過去進行時 過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生后，另一個過去的動作正在進行，或表示過去反復的習慣，常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。3. 將來進行時 將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時刻開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動作。

常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等4. 完成進行時 （現(xiàn)在、過去、將來）完成進行時是（現(xiàn)在、過去、將來）完成時的強調(diào)形式，將放在完成時態(tài)部分講述。 三、完成時態(tài) 完成時態(tài)通常表示已完成或從事的動作。

它可分為： 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動作（常與yet,already,just連用），或者過去某一時刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for,since連用）。（2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：since, for, during, over等引導出的短語；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等 （3）完成時態(tài)可用在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句；This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。

如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。2. 過去完成時 （1）表示過去某時間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或情況，這個過去的時間可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經(jīng)完成。

（2）動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時，表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或愿望等沒有實現(xiàn)。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away. 另外兩種表示“過去想做而未做的事”的表達方式是： 1)was / were + to have done sth, (3)過去完成時常用于以下固定句型： 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。

2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。3)by (the end of ) +過去時間，主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。

3. 將來完成時 將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作；也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有： by (the time / the end of 。

5.科普知識的英語作文一百字

As we know, Air pllution is bad for our health.We have very serious air pollution around, became the main environment problems in our city.Air pollution has seriously affected our lives. In order to protect the air environment in the city, to protect our health,We must do the following.First of all,We can use clean fuel When we drive or take the bus.Of course,We can also ride a bicycle to replace them.Second,We have to plant more trees, let us more fresh air.Of course, there are many ways to protect environment. I believe, as long as we all work together,We'll have a clean their homes。

6.英文科普短文

The Internet is a giant network of computers located all over the world that communicate with each other. The Internet is an international collection of computer networks` that all understand a standard system of addresses and commands, connected together through backbone systems. It was started in 1969, when the U.S. Department of Defence established a nationwide network to connect a handful of universities and contractors. The original idea was to increase computing capacity that could be shared by users in many locations and to find out what it would take for computer networks to survive a nuclear war or other disaster by providing multiple path between users. People on the ARPNET (as this nationwide network was originally called) quickly discovered that they could exchange messages and conduct electronic "conferences" with distant colleagues for purposes that had nothing to do with the military industrial complex. If somebody else had something interesting stored on their computer, it was a simple matter to obtain a copy (assuming the owner did not protect it). Over the years, additional networks joined which added access to more and more computers. The first international connections, to Norway and England, were added in 1973. Today thousands of networks and millions of computers are connected to the Internet. It is growing so quickly that nobody can say exactly how many users "On the Net". The Internet is the largest repository of information which can provide very very large network [參考譯文] Internet是由位于世界各地相互通信的計算機連接而成的巨大的計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

Internet是計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)的國際性的集合，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)都符合具有地址和命令的標準體系，并經(jīng)骨干網(wǎng)連在一起。Internet始建于1969年，當時美國國防部為連接少數(shù)幾所大學和協(xié)議企業(yè)而建立了一個全國性網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

最初的想法是要增加計算機能力并可由許多地點的用戶共享，并且通過提供用戶間多條路徑來找到哪一種計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠在核戰(zhàn)或其他災難中幸存。ARPNET（這種全國網(wǎng)絡(luò)最初的名稱）上的用戶很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們可以與遠距離的同事交換消息，并且進行某種目的的電子“會議”，而這些目的與軍事工業(yè)企業(yè)沒有任何關(guān)系。

如果另外一些人在其計算機中存有有趣的東西，得到其拷貝是很容易的事（假定擁有者沒有進行保護）。 幾年間，新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入使越來越多的計算機加入進來。

在1973年進行了第一次與挪威和英國的國際連接。今天，有成千上萬的計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)和數(shù)百萬臺計算機與Internet相連。

Internet發(fā)展如此之快以至于沒有人能準確地說出網(wǎng)上有多少用戶。 Internet是最大的信息寶庫，它可以提供非常巨大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。

這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源可分為網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備資源和網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息資源。網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備資源使我們能夠進行遠程計算和通信。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息資源向我們提供各種各樣的信息服務(wù)，如科學、教育、商務(wù)、歷史、法律、藝術(shù)和娛樂等等。

7.科普知識50個 急啊

環(huán)翠區(qū)小學科普知識競賽復習題1、聯(lián)合國規(guī)定每年的9月16日為世界什么日？世界節(jié)水日 B、世界環(huán)境日 C、世界氣象日 D、臭氧層國際日2、“吸煙有害健康”世界無煙日是指每年的：A、4月 7日 B、4月22日 C、5月 31日 3、一節(jié)1號電池能使一平方米的土地永遠失去利用價值，廢舊電池是有害垃圾，它的回收方式A. 放在不可利用的垃圾一起 B.放在可再利用垃圾一起 C.專門回收4、我們常說的噪聲污染是指 A 、90dB以上 B、80dB以上 C、50dB以上5、人們?nèi)粘ＭǚQ的“白色污染”是固體廢棄物的一種，它是指A、廢紙 B、廢塑料 C、廢電池6、所謂“黑色污染”是指 A、塑料袋、發(fā)泡餐盒 B、煤渣 C、廢棄的汽車輪胎 D、廢電池7、選用無磷洗衣粉的目的是A.保護衣物 B. 防止污染 C.保護雙手8、被稱為我國“瓷都”的是哪一城市？A、宜興 B、景德鎮(zhèn) C、淄博9、我國第一大島是：A、臺灣島 B、海南島10、桑巴舞哪個國家的人民最喜歡的舞蹈是： A、美國 B巴西 C、中國 D、古巴11、少數(shù)民族最多的省份是：A、寧夏 B、山東 C、云南 D、河南12、每年九年錢塘江潮波瀾壯闊，吸引了無數(shù)游人觀看，請問錢塘江在我國哪個?。?A、山東省B、江蘇省C、浙江省D、福建省13、每年蒙古族人民都要穿著節(jié)日盛裝前來參加的盛大群眾性集會是A、摔跤比賽會B、賽馬會C、那達慕大會D、牧羊節(jié)B、迎接遠方的客人，都要敬獻“哈達”，互致“扎西德勒”，這是哪個民族的習慣？ A、維族 B、藏族 C、壯族 D、回族 14、國一級保護動物的是A、華南虎 B、孟加拉虎 C、東北虎15、不是一級保護動物的是 A、白鰭豚B、白頭葉猴 C、東北虎D、娃娃魚16、天生的“捕鼠能手”的鳥是A、貓頭鷹 B、老鷹 C、啄木鳥17、世界上最小的花是（ ）最大的花是（ ）A、櫻桃 B、無花果 C、海棠 D、大王花18、威海的市花是（ ），市樹是（ ）A、牡丹花 B、水仙花 C、桂花D、合歡樹 E、楊樹 F、柏樹19、世界野生生物基金會的會徽是采用了我國特有的珍貴動物是（ ）A.丹頂鶴 B. 大熊貓 C.駱駝20、藏羚羊是國家一級保護動物，是（ ）特有的動物。

A、青藏高原 B、新疆 C、青海21、眼球很像一架精密的照相機，（視網(wǎng)膜）相當于照相機的底片，（晶狀體）相當于照相機中的凸透鏡。22、月球圓缺的樣子叫（月相），月亮圓缺變化是由（月球）圍繞（地球）公轉(zhuǎn)造成的。

23、月食一般發(fā)生在（農(nóng)歷十五或十六），日食一般發(fā)生在（農(nóng)歷初一）24、地球每時每刻都在自轉(zhuǎn)，自轉(zhuǎn)的方向是（自西向東），自轉(zhuǎn)一周的時間大約是（24小時）。25、太陽周圍有九大行星，他們是（水星）、（金星）、（地球）、（火星）、（木星）、（土星）、（天王星）、（海王星）（冥王星）。

26、陽光通過三棱鏡后會分散成（紅）、（橙）、（黃）、（綠）、（藍）、（靛）、（紫）七種色光。27、（德國）科學家（開普勒）發(fā)現(xiàn)了行星運動的規(guī)律。

28、2003年10月15日我國首次載人飛船“神舟五號”的發(fā)射成功，第一位進入太空的航天員楊利偉成了青少年心目中的英雄，你知道剛剛發(fā)射成功的“神舟六號”航天員是誰？ 費俊龍 聶海勝29、“神州五號”和 “神州六號”飛船是在我國同一個發(fā)射場發(fā)射成功的，你知道是哪個衛(wèi)星發(fā)射場？A、酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射基地 B、西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射基地 C、太原衛(wèi)星發(fā)射基地30、航天員能在太空可以享用很多種飲料，但是目前還無法提供給航天員的是______A、蘋果汁 B、咖啡 C、冰紅茶 D、啤酒31、“神舟五號”航天員楊利偉在太空中停留了19個小時返回地面，你知道“神舟六號”航天員將在太空中停留多長時間嗎？A、24小時 B、48小時C、100小時 D、119小時32、“神舟六號”航天員太空中停留的119個小時中如何上廁所嗎？A、尿不濕 B、專用馬桶C、設(shè)計暫時沒考慮33、中國航天服重約_______千克？A、15 B、20 C、10 D、534、宇宙員在太空穿著笨重的宇航服會覺得重嗎？A、會B、不會C、有時會有時不會35、下列四省區(qū)黑龍江、上海、香港和山東，按自北向南排序正確的是：（ ）A、黑龍江、上海、香港、山東 B、山東、香港、上海、黑龍江C、上海、香港、山東、黑龍江 D、黑龍江、山東、上海、香港36、許多人都喜歡到低于海平面410公尺的死海去做日光浴是因為： A、空氣最好 B、紫外線最弱 C、紫外線最強37、在下列回收廢品中，如果沒有回收，對環(huán)境造成危害最大的是（） A、廢紙 B、廢玻璃 C、廢電池38、臭氧是一種天藍色、有臭味的氣體，臭氧層可以吸收和濾掉太陽光中大量（ ）有害成份。A、紫外線 B、紅外線 C、可見光 39、我國有兩個特別行政區(qū)，是指A、西藏B、臺灣省C、香港D、北京 E、澳門40、公眾參與是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個重要方面，下面的公眾行為符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想的是：（A ）①使用公共交通工具 ②追求計算機的更新?lián)Q代③垃圾分類回收利用 ④農(nóng)田灌溉采用大水漫灌 ⑤自備籃子買菜A、①③⑤ B、②③⑤ C、③④⑤ D、②③④41、為保護藍天，我們在出門時，應該（ ）。

A. 盡量選擇乘坐舒適的交通工具B. 使用私人車，快去快回C. 盡量選擇乘坐公共交通工具42、地球臭氧層的作用是什么？（臭氧。

8.科普知識的英語作文一百字

As we know, Air pllution is bad for our health.We have very

serious air pollution around, became the main environment problems in

our city.Air pollution has seriously affected our lives.

In order

to protect the air environment in the city, to protect our health,We

must do the following.First of all,We can use clean fuel When we drive

or take the bus.Of course,We can also ride a bicycle to replace

them.Second,We have to plant more trees, let us more fresh air.Of

course, there are many ways to protect environment.

I believe, as long as we all work together,We'll have a clean their homes.